![]() ![]() Vaccines for Japanese encephalitis are recommended for travellers who plan to stay one month or longer in Japanese encephalitis-endemic countries, particularly in rural areas, and for short-term (less than one month) travellers if they plan to have significant/ extensive outdoor or night-time exposure in rural areas during the transmission season of the disease.During the consultation, the need for any vaccinations, chemoprophylaxis and vector preventive measures will be determined. If you are travelling to areas where vector-borne diseases are common, arrange travel health consultation with your doctor at least six weeks before the journey for risk assessment.For details about the use of insect repellents and the key points to be observed, please refer to ' Tips for using insect repellents'. For children who travel to countries or areas where mosquito-borne diseases are endemic or epidemic and where exposure is likely, children aged 2 months or above can use DEET-containing insect repellents with a concentration of DEET up to 30%. Take preventive measures to avoid mosquito bites.Holes at the wall and ceiling should be repaired and filled Store food and dispose of garbage properly to prevent rat infestation.Trim vegetation particularly the grass in your premises.Inspect and disinfest pets and pet beddings regularly.Control vectors and reservoir of the diseases.Put all used cans and bottles into covered dustbins.Ensure air-conditioner drip trays are free of stagnant water.Avoid using saucers underneath flower pots.Do not crush or twist the tick during removal. ![]() Gently remove it by grasping its head with tweezers or fine-tipped forceps close to the skin, then disinfect the bite area and wash hands with soap and water.If an attached tick is found on the body.Inspect and clean the bodies of accompanying pets.Take a soapy shower and wash the clothes.Inspect body parts and clothing clear any attached arthropods carefully.Do not hang clothing on trees or vegetation.Avoid resting on vegetation, or at humid and dark places.Do not brush along the vegetation at the sides of footpaths Stay on footpaths and avoid walking through vegetation.Tuck trousers into socks or boots to prevent arthropods from reaching the skin.Wear shoes that cover the entire foot avoid wearing sandals or open shoes.When members of the public go hiking or go to scrubby areas, here are some additional preventive measures: If both insect repellents and sunscreen are used, apply insect repellents after sunscreen.Re-apply insect repellents according to instructions.Avoid using fragrant cosmetics or skin care products.Take additional preventive measures when engaging in outdoor activities:.In general, use DEET of up to 30% for pregnant women and up to 10% for children Pregnant women and children of 6 months or older can use DEET-containing insect repellent.Use DEET-containing insect repellent on exposed parts of the body and clothing.Wear loose, light-coloured long-sleeved tops and trousers.To prevent vector-borne diseases, members of the public need to protect themselves from stings / bites of mosquitoes, mites and ticks, and prevent their proliferation. Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting dengue fever (Aedes mosquitoes), Japanese encephalitis (Culex mosquitoes) and malaria (Anopheles mosquitoes) while scrub typhus and spotted fever are transmitted by mites and ticks respectively. ![]() Most dengue fever and malaria cases recorded are imported from endemic countries via international travel, while most cases of scrub typhus and spotted fever acquired the infection locally and had history of going to vegetated areas in Hong Kong, for example hiking areas, outdoor workplaces, vegetated areas near home or outdoor recreational areas. In Hong Kong, there are several important vector-borne diseases including dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, scrub typhus and spotted fever. ![]() They can be caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses. The diseases transmitted by vectors are called vector-borne diseases. Vectors are living organisms such as mosquitoes, mites and ticks that can carry disease from one infected person (or animal) to another person. ![]()
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